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Chapters. Senanayake, G., Senaputra, A., Shin, S., (2017), Reductive leaching of metal oxides in hydrometallurgical processing of nickel laterite ores, deep sea manganese nodules, and recycling of spent batteries/catalysts,In: Sustainability in the mineral and energy sectors, CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, pages 173 to 187.
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I. Ghanad and D.G. Dixon (201 1) Atmospheric leaching of enargite in acidic iron sulphate media in the presence of activated carbon. HydroCopper 201 1, 6th International Seminar on Copper Hydrometallurgy, Vina del Mar, Chile, 6-8 July 201 1. G. Naza ri, D.G. Dixon and D.B. Dreisinger (201 1) Effects of enhanced pyrite on the Galvanoxrn process.
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Minerals 2018, 8, 165 3 of 13 was 93.41%. However, the proportion of combination oxide copper is 64.84%, resulting in extremely difficult recovery. In summary, the refractory copper oxide ...
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• Objective is to unlock high arsenic bearing copper ore bodies for sustainable copper production using a mine-to-metal approach • An environmentally sound and cost effective on-site process route can be provided as a technical basis for joint projects with third parties Mine Mill Flotation Electrowinning Solvent Extraction Pressure Leach
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Jul 20, 2022It is a collector of copper sulfide ore, which has both foaming properties with rich and non-sticky , good selectivity, strong collecting property and fast flotation speed to improve concentrate grade. It has a wide PH range and can be added in stock solution. B130
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The optimum leaching conditions can be summarized as follows: growth media (nutrients) [ 26, 27 ], temperature 35°C [ 28, 29 ], pH 2.3 [ 30 ], Eh below 500 mV in order to avoid jarosite precipitation [ 31, 32 ], high specific surface area of solids [ 33, 34 ], and prior adaptation of bacteria to specific substrate [ 23, 35, 36 ].
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The importance of gold recovery from low grade ores and flotation tailings is continuously increasing due to raising gold demand and thereby high gold prices. However, due to raising social awareness of the ecological impacts of cyanidic gold extraction and environ-mental specifications, the development and the implementation of alternative hydrometallurgical extraction processes have been a ...
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Under optimized conditions, 20% amplitude power, 1% S/L, 0.5 M acid, and 80 °C leaching temperature, copper extraction was 50.4% and 57.5% in the non-UAL and UAL treatments, respectively. Ultrasonic waves enhanced the leaching rate, shortened the reaction time, and reduced acid consumption.
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Inventory of Active Copper Solution Mining Operations in the United States (1988) 1-7 Table 1-3. Reagent Consumption at U.S. Copper Sulfide Concentrators in 1985 1-36 Table 1-4. Characteristics of Copper Leaching Methods 1-43 Table 1-5. Background on Copper Leaching Methods 1-44 Table 1-6.
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To verify that the oxidation of Fe 3+ was the predominant mechanism of the copper extraction from PCBs by bacteria-free cultural supernatant, ferric sulfate solution, bacteria-free cultural supernatant, pure water, and pure media were used to leach 15 g/L PCBs, and the result is shown in Fig. 3. There was a little copper extracted by pure water ...
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Many aspects of gold ores leaching by glycine (C 2 H 5 NO 2) and glycine-cyanide solutions are still not well understood.The base-metal components have been shown to have a strong impact on gold leaching kinetics. In this research, with the aim of reducing cyanide consumption, leaching of a polymetal (Pb-Cu-Zn) gold ore using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of cyanide and glycine has been studied.
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Improved recovery Improved leach recovery Improved leach recovery The use of IsaMills in leaching circuits results in sharp product size distributions and a highly activated mineral surface. When combined with the effect of inert media an IsaMill™ grinding prior to leaching improves leach kinetics and recovery.
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Assessment of Ammoniacal Ammonium Sulphate Leaching as a Pretreatment Process for Copper Bearing Gold Ores Bas A. D., Kucuk A., YAZICI E. Y., DEVECİ H. Proceedings of XIIIth International Mineral Processing Symposium-IMPS 2012, Bodrum, Türkiye, 10 - 12 Ekim 2012, ss.563-569
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Gold bearing ores that include base-metal mineralization, particularly copper, are classified as complex ores. These ores will often consume cyanide and create issues in CIP and elution. Preg-robbing carbon is defined as the phenomenon whereby the gold cyanide complex is removed from solution by constituents of the ore (Rees & van Deventer, 2000).
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"Refractory sulfidic ores consist of materials in which gold occurs finely disseminated within metallic sulfides or forming solid solutions, with pyrite and arsenopyrite being the two sulfides most commonly associated with gold. Typical cyanide operations show poor performance and require oxidative pretreatments to increase gold recovery.
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Bioleaching may be effectively used to extract nonferrous metals from sulfide ores and concentrates. At the same time, some minerals are refractory and their bioleaching rate is often comparatively low that does not allow the required metal extraction rate to be achieved. In the present work, we studied the two-stage process, which included stages of biological and chemical leaching, to ...
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Principal forms in which copper ores are found include native copper, porphyry copper, massive deposits, and mixed ores. Native copper is simply the metal found unadulterated in nature. Occasionally copper is still found in its native form, but more frequently it is mixed with other minerals, some of which may have value themselves. The amount of copper in an ore can vary from 0.4 percent to ...
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The kinetics study showed that the leaching reaction slowed down after 70 - 80% of copper was extracted in both ferric and cupric chloride media at ambient temperature. Kinetic models were first developed to satisfactorily describe copper extraction as a function of ORP, chloride concentration, and temperature in reactors, and then scaled up ...
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Because of its unique semiconductor properties, the world's most abundant copper mineral, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), is refractory with respect to atmospheric leaching using traditional acidic ferric. 7 PDF View 1 excerpt, cites background Development of a Safe and Environmentally Friendly Sulfate Process for the Production of Titanium Oxide
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Similarly, copper ores or concentrates containing oxidic and/or sulphidic minerals were solubilized by microwave heating a mixture of the ore or concentrate and ferric or ferrous chloride between 350 ℃ and 700 ℃, followed by hot brine leaching. Copper extraction was 96% (Kruesi and Frahm, 198274).
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The optimal concentrations of gold leaching media to achieve potentially complete dissolution of gold from its ore in copper-ammoniacal thiosulphate media based on the effect of the investigated parameters were 0.5 M S 2 O 3, 3 M NH 3, and 0.003 M Cu 2+ with a desirability value equivalent to unity (d = 1.000). 1. Introduction
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Refractory gold ore is usually affected by the associated carbonaceous matter through the preg-robbing effect, which is eliminated by oxidation roasting, followed by leaching, to achieve a satisfactory gold leaching efficiency. Roasting-leaching experiments, pore structure measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction are used to explore the structural evolution of ...
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Bacterially assisted heap leaching of low-grade copper sulphides is a developing technology that has been applied successfully for the extraction of copper from secondary sulphide minerals such as chalcocite at a number of operations worldwide.
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The ever-increasing global demand for valuable minerals requires safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible mining. Gekko Systems are world leaders in gravity separation and recovery of gold and complex gold. Gekko's unique core technologies and innovative flowsheets also efficiently extract other high-value minerals, such as silver, coal, polymetallics and gemstones.
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Ammonia and ammonium salts have been recognized as effective leaching agents in hydrometallurgical processes due to low toxicity and cost, easy recovery and high selective recovery of metals. New research findings on considerable advantages of leaching by these agents and elimination of problems associated with acid leaching have resulted in a new approach in the world to this method.
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The leaching of primary copper concentrates using acidic ferric sulphate lixiviants is known to suffer from slow kinetics and poor copper recoveries. A number of processes have been developed over the years to improve the leach kinetics and copper recoveries, and while many are effective, they have high CAPEX and/or OPEX. is developing a
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However, the leaching kinetics for certain minerals like covellite is poorly understood. This thesis investigates the kinetics of covellite leaching in a ferric-sulfate-sulfuric acid media, with an emphasis first placed on the understanding of the effect of the most common variables such as temperature and redox potential.
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Leaching involves dissolving Cu2+ (or Cu+) from copper-containing minerals into an aqueous H2SO4solution, known as the lixiviant, to produce a pregnant leachsolution (PLS). • In addition to copper, the PLS will also contain other impurityspecies, such as Fe, Al, Co, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, etc., that may bepresent in the ore and areleached with the copper.
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Leaching characteristics of copper refractory ore in sulfate media. Miner. Metall. ... The effect of seawater based media on copper dissolution from low-grade copper ore. Miner. Eng., 71 (2015) ... ions produced from copper ore in ammonia-ammonium sulfate solution. Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 43 (2012), pp. 1019-1026. CrossRef View Record in ...
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Fit-for-Purpose Precious Metals Leach Systems: Matching Leach Strategies to Source Characteristics Login to access. ALTA 2019 Gold-PM Panel: Panel Notes: Fit-For-Purpose Leaching Systems: ALTA 2018: Panel Notes: Refractory and Complex Gold Ores Panel Discussion: ALTA 2018 Keynote: Dr James Wang, Zijin Mining Group (China)
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Copper and copper oxide cause the open circuit potential of gold leaching to decrease by 0.23 and 0.08 V, respectively. Moreover, they cause the leaching current of gold to increase from 0.08 to 0.45 and 0.12 mA cm -2, respectively. Table 1. Effects of Copper and Copper Oxide on the Open Circuit Potentials and Leaching Currents of Gold Dissolution
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A maximum of 93% copper dissolution was obtained when the ore was treated with 90 kg Cl − /t ore, 40 d of repose time and 50 °C in flask leaching. Without any ore pretreatment, 53% copper dissolution was achieved. Using reactor leaching, an 85% copper dissolution was obtained using pretreatment stage.
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The microbiological-driven processing of copper ores, technically bioleaching, under versatile geological settings has been considered an efficient technology on account of its economic and environmental benefits. The ferrous iron and sulfur oxidizing microorganisms are the main players for the bioleaching process.
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Sugyeong Lee, Charlotte E. Gibson, Ahmad Ghahreman, "Flotation of Carbonaceous Matter from a Double Refractory Gold Ore: The Effect of MIBC on Flotation Performance and Kinetics", Minerals, 2021. ... Fereshteh Rashchi, Ahmad Ghahreman, "The Evaluation of Sphalerite Surface Formed During Oxidative Leaching in Acidic Ferric Sulfate Media ...
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Leaching characteristics of copper refractory ore in sulfate media Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, 2011, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 208-214. Nov 2011 In this study, attempts were made to enhance...
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Other studies have been conducted on actual ores and/or concentrates with recoveries of greater than 90% claimed using leaching times of eight hours or less. A third well-known disadvantage of cyanidation is the inhibition of the dissolution of gold caused by certain metal ions and other species.
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The total copper content was 0.552%, and the soluble copper content was 0.015%; thus, less than 3% of the copper content was soluble. The mineral particles comprised 4.25% of sulfides, of which pyrite and chalcopyrite were the main constituents. The remainder included 94% gangue and 2% non-copper metal oxides.
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Jul 2, 2021One solution is to be able to process copper sulphide ores hydrometallurgically. However, it is widely known that sulphide copper ores—and chalcopyrite in particular—have very slow dissolution...
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These last mainly employ inorganic acid leaching 8 with nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids. 9−11 Despite being efficient and fast, these media are detrimental to the environment and to human health because they generate effluents with a high level of contamination. 12,13 Furthermore, these techniques are not selective, requiring ...
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Leaching characteristics of copper refractory ore in sulfate media R. van der Merwe, H. Kasaini Materials Science 2011 Refractory copper ores (CROs) in central Africa contain copper minerals that are locked up in a micacious solid matrix or associated with carbonate, sulfide and phosphate minerals. Several. 2
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