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This material is part of the free Environmental Performance in Construction (EPiC) Database. The EPiC Database contains embodied environmental flow coefficients for 250+ construction materials using a comprehensive hybrid life cycle inventory approach.Copper is a soft and malleable non-ferrous metal and has been used in construction for hundreds of years. It has high thermal and electric ...
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Derived from the data in Figure 7.11, the coefficients of variation associated with Ztf, Z5 and S are 59%, 63% and 32%, respectively (Figure 7.13a-c), significantly higher than those of Z// and R found in flotation (Figure 7.8a and c). This presages more important spatial variations for the recovery (extraction) R.
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Copper requirements SHEEP GOATS Cu requirement Reference Cu requirement Reference 5 mg/kg NRC, 1975 8-10 mg/kg 1991, 2000 1 - 8.6 mg/kg ARC, 1980 10-23 mg/kg 1992 7-11 mg/kg NRC, 1985 10-23 mg/kg 1997 4.3 - 28.4 mg/kg 1999 15 mg/kg* lactating goat NRC, 2007 Equations which use different absorption coefficients of copper and variable levels 20 ...
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copper concentrate assaying 25% copper. If ore analyzes 0.7 copper, the percent recovery is a. 90.5% b. 98% c. 92.54% d. 95.24% 15-16. Ground lead ore is to be concentrated by a single flotation process using 1.5 oz of reagent per ton of ore. The feed concentrate and tailings have the following composition by weight on a dry basis: Feed% Concentrate% Tailings% PbS 30 90 0.9 ZnS 25 3 35.6 SiO 2 ...
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Because the partition coefficients of nickel, copper and PGE, ... Russia, with ore tonnages of 1645 and 1903 Mt, respectively Other major Ni-Cu districts include the Thompson, Voisey's Bay, and ...
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Copper and Au preferentially partition to the fluid with D Cu flu-sil > 1-10 and D Au flu-sil > 10 (refs 154,155) (where flu-sil represents single-phase fluid-silicate melt), and their ...
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accelerate the extraction kinetics of copper ores and is widely used in copper operations. The curing process involves the addition of a highly concentrated sulfuric acid to the copper ore during agglomeration. Then, chemical reactions already begin prior to irrigation of the heap, transforming the initial copper species into new copper species
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The radiation or heat transfer emissivity coefficient of some common materials as aluminum, brass, glass and many more. Analytical Testing Solutions ... Copper heated and covered with thick oxide layer: 0.78: Copper Polished: 0.023 - 0.052: Copper Nickel Alloy, polished: 0.059: Glass smooth: 0.92 - 0.94: Glass, pyrex:
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The tested granular material is copper ore of particle size 0-1.25 mm and relative moisture content 0.5-5%, fed to the installation at various rates. Higher moisture of input material is found to change the operation of the classifier. Computed correlation coefficients show increased content of fine particles in lower product of classification.
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To model the formation of the zonal structure of copper-rich sulfide Cu-Ni ores of the Norilsk type, a sample composed of 35.6 of Fe, 14.0 of Cu, and 50.0 at.% of S with an admixture of 0.05 at.% of each of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag, and Mo is subjected to directional crystallization. The crystallized ingot consisted of three parts: (1) a pyrrhotine solid solution (PSS), (2) a poss-and-cubanite ...
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HYDROMETALLURGY PERMITS THE TREATMENT OF LOW-GRADE ORES. THE EXAMPLE OF COPPER AND URANIUM (in French) Full Record; Other Related Research; Authors: Villard, R Publication Date: Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 EST 1966 Research Org.: Originating Research Org. not identified OSTI Identifier:
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2CuFeS2+2SiO2+4O2 → Cu2S+2FeSiO3+3SO2 The copper extracted from this process is mixed with the slag and is called Matte Copper due to its texture and appearance. This mainly consists of Cu2S which is reduced to pure metal by blasting Matte Copper with air. Cu2 S+O2 → 2Cu+SO2
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The tested granular material is copper ore of particle size 0-1.25 mm and relative moisture content 0.5-5%, fed to the installation at various rates. Higher moisture of input material is found to change the operation of the classifier. Computed correlation coefficients show increased content of fine particles in lower product of classification.
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The present invention concerns a method of separating variable ores containing copper, lead, zinc and the like as the refining material for non-ferrous metals and gangue minerals such as pyrite, quartz, feld spar and the like from dug out ores and, particularly, it relates to a flotation method. For obtaining non-ferrous metal valuable ores as concentrates from ores by a flotation method ...
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Materials with excellent price performances include copper, which in May hit a record high $10,460 a tonne ($4.74/lb) and continues to trade above $4.00; Brent crude oil which has doubled in price ...
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2009 (English) In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 54, no 18, p. 4397-4402 Article in journal (Refereed) Published Abstract [en] Sintered solid porous pellets of copper sulfide (Cu2S) and Cu2S/FeS were electrolysed at a cell voltage of 2.2-2.8 V to elemental Cu, S and Cu, Fe, S, respectively in molten CaCl2-NaCl at 800 degrees C under the protection of argon gas.
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tR = tF + 459.67. 1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm. 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m. Example - Linear Expansion. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. Temperature Expansion - Thermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more. Thermodynamics - Work, heat and energy systems.
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Cu, are obtained from Ni-bearing experiments with approximately 2 wt percent Cu and no quench phases. The equation D (super mss/hq) Cu Cu decreases with increasing temperature and/or sulfur content of the liquid.These results yield improved models describing the fractional crystallization of natural sulfide liquids
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The Cu, Au and S concentration in the fluids from the porphyry quartz stockwork are consistently higher (0.2-5 ppm Au, 0.05-3 wt. % Cu) than those from the skarn minerals (0.02-0.4 ppm Au, 0.006-0.3 wt. % Cu), in contrast to ore grades that vary in an opposite manner (Au/Cu of 10-5 in the porphyry vs. 5∙10-5 in the skarn).
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The empirical equation for the dissolution process was established to be 1/3ln (1−x)+ [ (1−x)−1/3−1]= [1.94C1.927P1.322 exp (−3507.34/T)]t. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 29.16...
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Materials and their combinations Surface Conditions Static Coefficient of Friction Aluminum Aluminum Clean and Dry 1.05 - 1.35 Aluminum Aluminum Lubricated and Greasy 0.3 Aluminum-bronze Steel Clean and Dry 0.45 [.]
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In this Special Issue, recent advances in copper ore processing and extraction are discussed, focusing on: innovations in hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, electrometallurgical, and pre-concentration technologies; ... using the maximum recovery (R max) and flotation rate coefficient (k) determined from the flotation rate analysis of each ...
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The coefficient of restitution is found by the formula. Coefficient of Restitution = speed up/speed down. In order to find speed we had to use the average height, that we measured, and put it in the formula. v = √ (2gh) Where v = velocity, g = 9.8m/s 2, and h = average height measured. We took the average of the bounced height value (h) and ...
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The study also found that the ore deposits of the region contained an estimated $50 billion of minerals and that a copper-nickel industry in the region could create over 2,000 new jobs. After the study's publication, the public was both excited by the economic possibilities of a new mining industry in northern Minnesota and concerned by its ...
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In this dissertation research, an attempt has been made to understand the reasons for the loss of valuable mineral particles in the tailings from Kennecott Utah Copper ores. Possibilities include liberation, particle aggregation (slime coating) and surface chemistry issues associated with the flotation separation.
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The Strathcona iron-nickel-copper sulfide ore deposit lies at the base of the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive along the north rim of the Sudbury basin. In th ... The distribution coefficient for iron and magnesium between coexisting augite and hypersthene ranges from 1-0 in some of the xenoliths to 1-5 in some samples of felsic norite, indicating that ...
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Following is a list of minerals that serve as copper ores in the copper mining process: Image Name Formula % Copper when pure Chalcopyrite: CuFeS 2: 34.5 Chalcocite: Cu 2 S: 79.8 Covellite: CuS: 66.5 Bornite: 2Cu 2 S·CuS·FeS 63.3 Tetrahedrite: Cu 3 SbS 3 + x(Fe,Zn) 6 Sb 2 S 9: 32-45 Digenite: Cu 9 S 5: 78.1
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Nov 3, 2021For example, copper ranged from 0.25% to 1.05% (wt%) while results for silver were found to be between 0.7 and 4.1 ppm; this confirmed that interferences from high Fe (up to 7% in the sample) had a minimal impact on the result.
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The Manning's roughness coefficient is used in the Manning's equation to calculate flow in open channels. Coefficients for some commonly used surface materials: Surface Material ... Copper: 0.011: Corrugated metal: 0.022: Earth, smooth: 0.018: Earth channel - clean: 0.022: Earth channel - gravelly: 0.025: Earth channel - weedy: 0.030: Earth ...
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The coefficient of static friction for steel is around 0.6-0.15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0.09-0.6. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. The basic raw materials are coal, iron ore, limestone and various chemicals. Coal is transformed into coke. The coke is combined with limestone and ore to the ...
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From 2011 to 2014, the total cost of producing one pound of copper hovered around $2. By comparison, prices averaged above $4 per lb in 2011, and over $3 per lb from 2012 to 2014. Even in 2015, copper prices averaged close to $2.50 per lb, roughly 25% above the cost of production.
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The copper content ranged widely from 0.01% Cu (min. value) to 17.72% Cu (max. value) ( Table 2 ). Also the high value of standard deviation S and the higher value of this parameter's variation coefficient V are noticeable.
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The thermal coefficient of linear expansion is 17.0 X 10-6. The vapor pressure of copper is negligible; the pressure of 133.322 newtons/ m 2 (that is, 1 mm Hg) is attained only at 1628°C. ... Copper ores are characterized by a low copper content. For this reason, the finely ground ore undergoes concentration prior to smelting. ...
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These efficiency losses depend on the vibrating screen design, ore characteristics, and operational conditions. Inadequate classification produces undersize particles in an oversize stream (overflow) entering a comminution process, resulting in extra energy expenditure and obstruction of the grinding by packing of fines [ 11 ].
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Copper matte is a mixture of copper sulfide (Cu 2 S) and some iron sulfide (FeS). Matte is a process in which copper is extracted before the final reduction. when a hot blast of air is blown through a molten matte placed in a silica lined converter, FeS of the matte oxidizes to FeO. This FeO combines with SiO 2 (silica) to produce FeSiO 3 ; (slag).
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In Poland, underground mines of copper ores, which belong to KGHM Polish Copper JSC, have been struggling with seismic dynamic events such as tremors and rock bursts since almost the first years of exploitation i.e. the 70s of the twentieth century. ... Linear correlation and determination coefficients between seismic activity characteristics ...
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The results of tracer tests and inverse transport modeling helped to understand flow behavior for the tests. Large dispersivity values resulted from the large scale and wide pore size variation of the ore media. Mobile water fraction and mass transfer coefficients were consistent with compacted ore versus agglomerated structure from the tests.
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Copper Ore Mining from the South Mining District Deposit in the Copper Mine Majdanpek - Technical Project on Reconstruction the Transportation Systems for Ore; Mining and Meta-llurgy Institute Bor - Project Bureau MECA, 2012 (in Serbian) [2] Tošić S.: Transportation Devices, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
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The copper content of the slag has been found to be at the minimum in such a case. A diagram of the principle of the process conditions like the above is depicted in FIG. 2. The copper content of the slag is usually 5-8%, depending on the degree of oxidation and the effect of the other slag components on the activity coefficient of Cu 2 O.
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The first method was an electrolytic analysis which yield 7.73% Cu by mass. The electrolysis efficiency was determined to be 18.9%. The second method was done by spectrophotometric analysis which yield 5.13% Cu by mass. The average of the two values was determined to be 6.43% Cu by mass.
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